SHORT NOTES: Leadership Themes and Styles

 LEADERSHIP THEORIES 

1. Great Men Theory 

- Thomas Carlyle (1847) claimed that leaders are born 

2. Traits Theory 

- Born leaders were endowed with certain physical traits and personality characteristics 

- Jenkins identified 2 traits; (a) emergent traits (heavily dependent upon heredity), (b) effectiveness traits (based on experience or learning)

3. Contingency Theories (Situational)

- recommended that no leadership style is precise 

- no single right way to lead 

- leaders have to adapt to the particular situation 

4. Style and Behaviour Theory 

- acknowledge the significance of certain necessary leadership skills 

- Yuhl (1989) introduces 3 leadership styles: (a) democratic leaders, (b) autocratic leaders, (c) laissez-faire leaders 

- Fiedler and House (1994) identified 2 additional leadership styles; (a) consideration structure, (b) commencing (initiating) structure 

5. Process Leadership Theory 

- Greenleaf 1970s) focuses include: (a) servant leadership, (b) learning organisation, (c) principal centred leadership, (d) charismatic leadership

6. Transactional Theory 

7. Transformational Theory 

LEADERSHIP STYLES 

1, Transformational Leadership Style

- comprises of 3 components:

- (a) contingent reward - focuses on achieving results 

- (b) management by acception (active) - have inherent trust in their workers to end the job to a satisfactory standard and avoid rocking the boat 

- (c) management by exception (passive) - avoid specific agreements, failure to provide goals and standards to achieve by staffs; waits for things to go wrong before taking action (Bass and Avolio, 2004)

2. Transformational Leadership Style

- (a) Idealised Influence (Charismatic) - attribute of a leader which inspires followers to take their leader as a role model 

- (b) Inspirational Motivation - encourages the employees in the organisational pursuit drawing the best out of them 

- (c) Intellectual Stimulation - measure the mentoring, coaching, morale, building strengths of individualise consideration i.e. display concern for their workers needs, and are equipped to boost and coach development of desired workplace 

Conclusion 

Leaders with essential traits will have the ability to take certain actions to be successful.  4 styles of leadership are established under optimal style of leadership:

- participating 

- delegating 

- selling 

- telling 

Reference 

Journal of resource development and management, vol. 16, 2016 - Zakeer Ahmed Khan Phd, Dr Allah Nawaz Irfanullah Khan Phd, Department of Public Administration, Gomel University, Deva Ismail Khan.